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Belarusian (; ' (:bʲelaˈruskaja ˈmova)) is an official language of Belarus, along with Russian, and is spoken abroad, chiefly in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland.〔Also spoken in Azerbaijan, Canada, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, USA, Uzbekistan, per (Ethnologue ).〕 Before Belarus gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the language was known in English as ''Byelorussian'' or ''Belorussian'', transliterating the Russian name, , or alternatively as ''White Ruthenian'' () or ''White Russian''. Following independence, it also became known as ''Belarusian''.〔(Belarusan English Dictionary )〕〔(Ethnologue. Languages of the World. Belarusan )〕 Belarusian is one of the East Slavic languages and shares many grammatical and lexical features with other members of the group. To some extent, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian are mutually intelligible. Its predecessor stage is known as Old Belarusian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). At the 1999 Belarus Census, the Belarusian language was declared as a "language spoken at home" by about 3,686,000 Belarusian citizens (36.7% of the population).〔Data from 1999 Belarusian general census (in English ).〕〔Of these, about 3,370,000 (41.3%) were Belarusians, and about 257,000 belonged to other ethnicities (Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews).〕 About 6,984,000 (85.6%) of Belarusians declared it their "mother tongue". Other sources put the "population of the language" as 6,715,000 in Belarus and 9,081,102 in all countries.〔(Johnstone and Mandryk 2001) as cited on (Ethnologue ).〕〔In Russia, the Belarusian language is declared as a "familiar language" by about 316,000 inhabitants, among them about 248,000 Belarusians, comprising about 30.7% of Belarusians living in Russia (data from 2002 Russian Census (In Russian )). In Ukraine, the Belarusian language is declared as a "native language" by about 55,000 Belarusians, which comprise about 19.7% of Belarusians living in Ukraine (data from 2001 Ukrainian census (In Ukrainian )). In Poland, the Belarusian language is declared as a "language spoken at home" by about 40,000 inhabitants (data from 2002 Polish general census (Table 34 (in Polish) )).〕 According to a study done by the Belarusian government in 2009, 72% of Belarusians speak Russian at home, while Belarusian is used by only 11.9% of Belarusians. 29.4% of Belarusians can write, speak, and read Belarusian, while 52.5% can only read and speak it. According to the research, one out of ten Belarusians does not understand Belarusian. == Phonology == (詳細はEast Slavic languages, especially Ukrainian, Belarusian phonology is distinct in a number of ways. The phoneme inventory of the modern Belarusian language consists of 45 to 54 phonemes: 6 vowels and 39 to 48 consonants, depending on how they are counted. When the nine geminate consonants are excluded as mere variations, there are 39 consonants, and excluding rare consonants further decreases the count. The number 48 includes ''all'' consonant sounds, including variations and rare sounds, which may be semantically distinct in the modern Belarusian language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belarusian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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